Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in design studies: Methodological considerations, challenges, and recommendations

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables identification of the brain regions and networks underpinning cognitive tasks. It has potential to significantly advance design science, but is challenging apply in studies methodological guidance for researchers lacking. In this Research Note, we reflect on our experiences other work outline activities involved developing executing fMRI studies. The implications research quality at each stage are highlighted. We then consider challenges make recommendations addressing them. Four critical areas identified: establishing experimental protocols; a ontology; generating foundational knowledge about activation; balancing constraints against ecological validity.